- Treatment of Syringomyelia Characterized by Focal Dilatation of the Central Canal Using Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Neural Stem Cellsby Mo Li on April 5, 2024 at 10:00 am
CONCLUSION: Cell transplantation can promote cavity shrinkage and regulate the local inflammatory environment. Moreover, the proliferation of ependymal cells may indicate the activation of endogenous stem cells, which is important for the regeneration and repair of spinal cord injury.
- Adult Neoneurogenesis and Oligodendrogenesis in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review of Human and Animal Studiesby Andreas Liampas on March 27, 2024 at 10:00 am
Introduction: The subventricular zone promotes remyelination through activation differentiation of oligodendroglial precursor cells (OPCs) and neural stem cells (NSCs) into mature oligodendrocytes and thus in the adult brain. In multiple sclerosis (MS) this regenerative capability is halted resulting in neurodegeneration. We aimed to systematically search and synthesize evidence on mechanisms and phenomena associated with subventricular zone (SVZ) dysfunction in MS. Materials and Methods: Our…
- Subventricular zone stem cell niche injury is associated with intestinal perforation in preterm infants and predicts future motor impairmentby Adrian A Epstein on March 27, 2024 at 10:00 am
Brain injury is highly associated with preterm birth. Complications of prematurity, including spontaneous or necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)-associated intestinal perforations, are linked to lifelong neurologic impairment, yet the mechanisms are poorly understood. Early diagnosis of preterm brain injuries remains a significant challenge. Here, we identified subventricular zone echogenicity (SVE) on cranial ultrasound in preterm infants following intestinal perforations. The development of SVE…
- Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Failure and Cerebrospinal Fluid Protein: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Reviewby Kyle M Rei on March 19, 2024 at 10:00 am
Ventriculoperitoneal shunts (VPS) are used to manage hydrocephalus but suffer from high failure rates. Our objectives were to (1) conduct a meta-analysis to objectively weigh this conflicting evidence, and (2) conduct a systematic review compiling and synthesizing what is known about the association between CSF proteins and shunt failure. A literature search was performed in compliance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The Embase, PubMed, and…
- Implications of DNA Methylation Classification in Diagnosing Ependymomaby Eiji Abe on March 13, 2024 at 10:00 am
CONCLUSIONS: Although adding DNA methylation classification to conventional diagnostic methods may be helpful, the diagnosis in some cases remains undetermined. This may affect decision-making regarding treatment strategies and follow-up. Further investigations are required to improve the diagnostic accuracy of these tumors.
- Design of a Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Ependymal Repair in Hydrocephalus Associated With Germinal Matrix Hemorrhagesby Luis M Rodriguez-Perez on March 4, 2024 at 11:00 am
CONCLUSIONS: In GMH/PHH, the ependyma can be restored and edema decreased from either neural stem cell or EpP transplantation in vitro and in vivo. Mesenchymal stem cell pretreatment improved the success of the ependymal restoration.
- The “Brain Milking” Method for the Isolation of Neural Stem Cells and Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells from Live Ratsby Dimitrios Dimitrakopoulos on February 26, 2024 at 11:00 am
Tissue-specific neural stem cells (NSCs) remain active in the mammalian postnatal brain. They reside in specialized niches, where they generate new neurons and glia. One such niche is the subependymal zone (SEZ; also called the ventricular-subventricular zone), which is located across the lateral walls of the lateral ventricles, adjacent to the ependymal cell layer. Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) are abundantly distributed throughout the central nervous system, constituting a pool of…
- The IgCAM BT-IgSF (IgSF11) is essential for connexin43-mediated astrocyte-astrocyte coupling in miceby Laura Pelz on February 22, 2024 at 11:00 am
The type I transmembrane protein BT-IgSF is predominantly localized in the brain and testes. It belongs to the CAR subgroup of Ig cell adhesion proteins, that are hypothesized to regulate connexin expression or localization. Here, we studied the putative link between BT-IgSF and connexins in astrocytes, ependymal cells and neurons of the mouse. Global knockout of BT-IgSF caused an increase in the clustering of connexin43 (Gja1), but not of connexin30 (Gjb6), on astrocytes and ependymal cells….
- Growth/differentiation factor 15 controls ependymal and stem cell number in the V-SVZby Katja Baur on February 17, 2024 at 11:00 am
The expression of growth/differentiation factor (GDF) 15 increases in the ganglionic eminence (GE) late in neural development, especially in neural stem cells (NSCs). However, GDF15 function in this region remains unknown. We report that GDF15 receptor is expressed apically in the GE and that GDF15 ablation promotes proliferation and cell division in the embryonic GE and in the adult ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ). This causes a transient generation of additional neuronal progenitors,…
- PCP Auto Count: A Novel Fiji/ImageJ plug-in for automated quantification of planar cell polarity and cell countingby Kendra L Stansak on February 14, 2024 at 11:00 am
BACKGROUND: During development, planes of cells give rise to complex tissues and organs. The proper functioning of these tissues is critically dependent on proper inter- and intra-cellular spatial orientation, a feature known as planar cell polarity (PCP). To study the genetic and environmental factors affecting planar cell polarity investigators must often manually measure cell orientations, which is a time-consuming endeavor.
- GFAP-expressing cells in the adult hypothalamus can generate multiple neural cell lineages in vitroby Lucile Butruille on February 14, 2024 at 11:00 am
Adult neural stem cells (NSCs) located in the two canonical neurogenic niches, the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the subgranular zone (SGZ), express the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Recently, proliferative activity has been described in the hypothalamus although the characterization of hypothalamic neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) is still uncertain. We therefore investigated whether hypothalamic GFAP-positive cells, as in the SVZ and SGZ, also have neurogenic potential. We used a…
- Single-Cell Transcriptional Response of the Placenta to the Ablation of Caveolin-1: Insights into the Adaptive Regulation of Brain-Placental Axis in Miceby Maliha Islam on February 9, 2024 at 11:00 am
Caveolin-1 (Cav1) is a major plasma membrane protein that plays important functions in cellular metabolism, proliferation, and senescence. Mice lacking Cav1 show abnormal gene expression in the fetal brain. Though evidence for placental influence on brain development is emerging, whether the ablation of Cav1 affects the regulation of the brain-placental axis remains unexamined. The current study tests the hypothesis that gene expression changes in specific cells of the placenta and the fetal…
- The choroid plexus maintains ventricle volume and adult subventricular zone neuroblast pool, which facilitates post-stroke neurogenesisby Aleksandr Taranov on February 8, 2024 at 11:00 am
The brain’s neuroreparative capacity after injuries such as ischemic stroke is contained in the brain’s neurogenic niches, primarily the subventricular zone (SVZ), which lies in close contact with the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) produced by the choroid plexus (ChP). Despite the wide range of their proposed functions, the ChP/CSF remain among the most understudied compartments of the central nervous system (CNS). Here we report a mouse genetic tool (the ROSA26iDTR mouse line) for non-invasive,…
- Giant Myxopapillary Ependymoma with Multi-Site Neural Axis Metastases: A Rare Case with Suboptimal Outcomeby Arturs Balodis on January 31, 2024 at 11:00 am
BACKGROUND Myxopapillary ependymoma is a rare type of slow-growing tumor that mainly occurs in the spinal cord, particularly in the region of the conus medullaris and the cauda equina. It originates from the ependymal glial cells found in the filum terminale. CASE REPORT We present a clinical case of a 44-year-old male patient who presented with symptoms of non-specific pain in the lower back persisting for the past 2 years. He did not report any specific neurological deficits or radicular…
- Cerebral furin deficiency causes hydrocephalus in miceby Shiqi Xie on January 31, 2024 at 11:00 am
Furin is a pro-protein convertase that moves between the trans-Golgi network and cell surface in the secretory pathway. We have previously reported that cerebral overexpression of furin promotes cognitive functions in mice. Here, by generating the brain-specific furin conditional knockout (cKO) mice, we investigated the role of furin in brain development. We found that furin deficiency caused early death and growth retardation. Magnetic resonance imaging showed severe hydrocephalus. In the brain…